The core technology and future development trend of energy storage battery
Energy storage batteries are devices that can store electrical energy for a longer period of time, and can be categorized into electrochemical energy storage batteries and physical energy storage batteries. At present, the main application in the field of large-scale energy storage is electrochemical energy storage batteries, mainly including lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen storage/liquid flow batteries and so on. This paper mainly introduces the basic principles, application fields, research status and future development trends of electrochemical energy storage batteries and physical energy storage batteries.
Classification of energy storage battery
Energy storage battery is a device that can store electrical energy, which can be categorized into electrochemical energy storage battery and physical energy storage battery. Electrochemical storage batteries utilize chemical reactions on the electrodes to generate electrical energy, while physical storage batteries utilize electrochemical principles and the physical properties of substances to store electrical energy. Electrochemical storage batteries can be categorized into lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, etc., while physical storage batteries mainly include sodium-sulfur fuel cells and liquid flow batteries.
Electrochemical storage battery
Electrochemical energy storage batteries mainly include lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen storage/liquid flow batteries and so on. Among them, lithium-ion batteries have superior electrochemical performance and are widely used in electric vehicles and electric bicycles; supercapacitors have the advantages of high power density and long cycle life, which can be used in various electronic devices; hydrogen/liquid current batteries have high energy density and can be used for the preparation of hydrogen energy.
Physical energy storage battery
Physical energy storage battery refers to the physical way to store electrical energy storage device, mainly including pumped storage, compressed air energy storage and flywheel energy storage. Pumped storage is to water as a medium for energy storage, with fast response speed, large capacity, short construction cycle, no pollution to the environment and other advantages; compressed air energy storage has a large capacity, high energy density, but the energy storage medium for the air, the impact on the environment is greater; flywheel storage has a fast response speed, high power density, but there are huge volume, maintenance difficulties and other issues. Physical energy storage batteries are suitable for large-capacity power systems and renewable energy generation systems, which is one of the important directions for the future development of the energy storage field. At present, pumped storage and compressed air energy storage technology has been more mature, flywheel energy storage and flywheel battery is in the research and development stage.
Development trend
Energy storage battery technology trends include: ① safety issues will continue to be emphasized, safety and environmental friendliness are two important indicators of the development of energy storage batteries; ② materials and manufacturing process is the focus of research on energy storage batteries, materials, the focus of future research will be on the transformation of lithium-ion batteries to other types of new materials; ③ in the field of applications, with the improvement of the level of technology and cost reductions, energy storage batteries will be gradually develop in the direction of lower cost, longer life, better performance and higher technological maturity, such as the application of lithium-ion batteries in renewable energy generation, smart grid, electric vehicles and other fields.
Conclusion
The research and application of energy storage battery is a key technology in the field of energy storage, which plays an important role in the global energy transition and the scale development of renewable energy. As an important carrier of renewable energy, the research and application of energy storage batteries are of great significance in securing China’s power supply and promoting the development of new energy industry.