Intelligent Energy Storage Systems: Enabling the Green Energy Transition
Green energy transition is of great significance to the future of human society, in which energy storage technology is an important way to realize the efficient use of renewable energy. Energy storage technology can be divided into three categories according to its different energy storage methods: electrochemical energy storage, compressed air energy storage and flywheel energy storage, of which electrochemical energy storage, represented by lithium-ion batteries, is one of the most widely used at present. In the future energy transition, electrochemical energy storage will play an increasingly important role. This paper focuses on the classification, composition, performance characteristics, and future development direction of smart energy storage systems, with a view to inspiring researchers and practitioners in related fields.
Overview of Intelligent Energy Storage System (IES)
Intelligent Energy Storage System (EES) is based on electrochemical energy storage technology, utilizing electric energy conversion, storage and release technology, and realizing the integrated integration of electric energy storage, conversion, release and application through the effective combination with renewable energy system. The core of smart energy storage system is electric energy conversion and storage equipment, which mainly includes energy storage battery, supercapacitor, electrochemical reactor and energy conversion and transmission device. With the advantages of safety, reliability, long life and easy integration, the smart energy storage system can realize the long-term stable supply of electricity and the efficient use of renewable energy, and plays an important role in the construction of the smart grid as well as the alleviation of the national energy crisis.
Classification
Energy storage system is an important part of smart grid, which can realize the optimal matching of renewable energy power generation and power consumption load, ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid and improve the quality of power. According to the relationship between energy storage system and power system, energy storage system can be categorized into energy storage system based on DC transmission and energy storage system based on AC transmission.
Components
In this, the energy storage devices include lithium-ion batteries, zinc-air batteries, fuel cells, etc., and the energy transmission devices include bidirectional converters and bidirectional controllers. The above devices play the role of energy storage and conversion in the whole system, and are important components of the smart energy storage system. In addition, the smart energy storage system also includes charge/discharge controllers, control modules, data acquisition modules and other auxiliary devices, etc., of which the charge/discharge controller is the core component with the ability to control and manage the energy storage devices.
Performance Characteristics
Intelligent energy storage system has a broad application prospect in the future transition of renewable energy, which is specifically manifested as:
① The energy storage system can smooth the output of new energy generation and improve the utilization efficiency of new energy generation;
② Intelligent energy storage system can be used as the “levelized cost of electricity (LCOE)” of new energy generation;
③Intelligent energy storage system can enhance the load of power grid and ensure the safe operation of power grid;
④ Intelligent energy storage system can improve the security, stability and reliability of the power system by interacting with the power grid;
⑤ Intelligent energy storage system can improve power utilization efficiency and reduce power loss through its own optimization control. In short, intelligent energy storage system is one of the important technical basis for future large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy, and its development will further promote the progress and development of renewable energy technology.
Future development direction
The development of intelligent energy storage system is an important way to solve the problem of renewable energy consumption, its emergence for large-scale development and application of renewable energy to provide a new solution to the idea that will play an increasingly important role in the future green energy transition. Intelligent energy storage systems face some challenges in technological and industrial development, among which, battery materials are still the main factor limiting their development. In order to solve this problem, the energy density, cycle life and safety performance of existing battery materials can be improved by modifying them, thus promoting the wide application of energy storage systems in various fields.